Identify Savas Four strategies of privatization Research Paper

Identify Savas Four strategies of privatization - Research Paper Example There is no unanimous agreement on the set of words to define privatization. However, the word, in most cases, is associated with the ideological approach that involves the private sector, either partially or totally, to achieve public goals. E.S. Savas compares it to the exchange of roles between the government and the private segment (Hodge, 2006). Savas outlines various approaches through which government can implement privatization. Load shedding is one of the strategies. In this case, the government loses part or the whole of its ownership to private operators (Lawther, 2000). When left in the hands of the government, most of the enterprises become exploitive. Application of user charges is another strategy. To improve the economic society, goods and services that are provided directly by the government can be subjected to such charges. This aims at disclosing the real costs of the goods and services preventing any inclusion of unwanted expenses (Kemp, 2007). The third strategy is the introduction of competition. Most public sectors and cartels do not embrace competition which is, however, essential in improving public services. When there are various institutions interested in the same market, competition automatically arises (Otenyo & Lind, 2006). This gives customers a wide range of choice leading to appreciation of high quality products only. Finally, another way to privatize enterprises is by limiting government involvement in business procedures such as by making grants through the private sector (Hodge, 2006). This simplifies the public’s effort to assess the growth and development projects. Privatization is an essential practice in all aspects of life. In Florida, there has been continuous urge to privatize the prison system. Earlier this year, the state governor, showed deeper in implementing the same. Legislators who pioneered this idea typically consulted the Savas’ privatization strategies. According to the department of corrections,

Bias in Abstinence-Only Education Essay Example for Free

Bias in Abstinence-Only Education Essay In addition to being an ineffective deterrent to unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, abstinence only education prevents young women from making well informed decisions about their sexuality.   Cases of teen pregnancy and STD/HIV infections is on the rise despite the government allocating funds for abstinence only programs.   This paper seeks to look at the government policies with regard to abstinence-only education programs and its relationship with unwanted pregnancies. It is a known fact that sexual abstinence is being practiced in all countries in the world as a sure way of preventing sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy.    Men and women of all ages who are not ready to accept the risks that accompany sexual activity embrace abstinence which is a normal and acceptable practice.   As a way of expressing love, affection and tenderness, majority resort to intercourse and sexual activity. Sex is also being used by couples to strengthen their relationships.   However, it has often been argued that using sex to cement relationships can distort one’s judgment.   Among women, having sex may strengthen the feeling of love but do not actually cement or deepen the relationship. Exploring sexual behavior within an environment of deep commitment where having children is considered as a possibility is always rewarding.   Majority of people are however not prepared for commitment hence opt for abstinence until they develop a stable relationship. Abstinence is 100% effective in protecting an individual from sexually transmitted.   However, if the majority of the population could realize its effectiveness, then we would not be having such headlines like the ones we have seen in the past of teen births being on the rise.   However, abstinence is not an easy practice considering how strong sexual drives are among humans. The rate of teen births steadily declined since 1991 and this could have been because of the intensive educational campaigns that were initiated during that period.   These campaigns included encouraging people to use contraceptives and condoms and enlightening people on the risks of Aids and sexually transmitted diseases.   However, today statistics now show an increase by 3% in teen births the first time ever in 14 years. (Wilson, Kelly, Patricia,2005) Is it that the sex education programs that the government adopted are no longer working? The government has tried to show some effort in curbing STDs and unwanted pregnancies. The first federal abstinence-only program was enacted in 1981 and this was designed primarily to support pregnant and parenting teenagers.   This came through the adolescent Family Life Act which was also passed the same year. AFLA also funded â€Å"abstinence-only† programs meant to encourage responsibility and self discipline among teenagers (Abstinence Only Programs 2008, p.2). Abstinence-only program’s purpose was to teach the general population and especially the teenagers how they stand to gain from abstinence. It also sought to teach abstinence from pre-marital to all schooling children.   The abstinence-only program was supposed to teach the values of abstinence with regard to unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases.   According to this program, the expected standard of human sexual activity revolved around a mutually faithful monogamous relationship.   However, with all these well clarified goals, current scientific research shows that this program is ineffective. A study of ‘abstinence-only-until marriages’ program inferred that the classes fail to serve its goal of delaying the onset of sexual activity the young people.   An evaluation of 11 of these programs showed that they do not have a lasting positive effect on the asexual behavior of young people (Ibid 4).   Instead of a positive effect on the young people they showed a negative willingness to use contraceptive because the program emphasized on contraceptive failure. It has often been reiterated that abstinence-only programs endanger the youths because adolescents are denied complete information.   These programs fail to provide contraception information and in some cases, they have been accused of providing wrong information which may lead to youths forgoing contraceptive use. Teens are exposed to pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases because of lack of responsible sex education.   Only safer sex intervention can reduce unprotected sexual intercourse as compared to abstinence only programs.   The Federal Fund for abstinence -only programs have negatively influenced schools.   Avery good example involves the Gloucester High school in Massachusetts with the summer vacations beginning 17 girls at the school are expecting babies (Kathleen Kingsbury, Wednesday June 18, 2008). This proves further the failure of the program to curb pre-marital pregnancies.   In order to reduce the prevalence of this at the school a local pediatrician advocated for the prescription of contraceptives.   However, this has been met with hostility.   Amazingly it is the desire of these teens to get pregnant and this only proves how distorted their perception towards life is.

Under the Gaslight: The Character of Laura Courtland Essay -- Under th

Under the Gaslight: The Character of Laura Courtland Under the Gaslight does indeed "acknowledge 'luck' or 'chance' or 'fate,' but it reinforces the importance of individual character at the same time that it suggests that integrity is not an absolute stay against the vicissitudes of circumstance" (159). This idea is mainly supported through the character of Laura Courtland--a symbol of both sides of the nature versus nurture debate. Laura was born into a prominent, upper class family, the Courtlands. Her mother, Mary, in particular is a kind and generous woman who instinctively knows when she has "a duty to perform" and acts on it (164). Laura seems to have inherited this determined and honorable manner. She has higher standards than the society she lives in. Regarding love, she realizes that true love is about loving what is on the inside and is not based on looks, class, or wealth. She says, "How happy must those women be who are poor and friendless, and plain, when some true heart comes and says 'I wish to marry you!''' (165). Laura is, as the saying goes, "...

The Economic Factors Involved with the Rising Price of Gasoline Essay

The Economic Factors Involved with the Rising Price of Gasoline The year 2004 has seen a steady climb in the price of gasoline. From January of 2004 to May of 2004 there has been a jump of approximately .50 cents a gallon (Energy Information Administration). For many Americans high gas prices have been a hot issue with them, and there seems to be no rhyme or reason to these fluctuations. With the continued popularity of the sport-utility vehicle and the high volume of gasoline it requires, the issue of high gas prices doesn’t seem to be going away anytime soon. Many factors go into determining the price of gasoline. This paper will explore the various factors involved to determine the price of gas and attempt to gain a better understanding on how it arrives at its decision. The gasoline industry is an oligopoly. In Mark Hirschey’s book called Fundamentals of Managerial Economics an oligopoly is defined as, â€Å"A market structure characterized by few sellers and interdependent price/ output decisions†. This market structure only allows a few large rivals to produce the majority of the industry’s output (404). The oligopoly controlling the gasoline industry is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). OPEC consists of 11 oil producing countries: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Qatar, Libya, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, and Nigeria (OPEC.org). These countries control gas prices by the amount of crude oil they produce. To gain a better understanding of how the United States gets its gasoline and who supplies it, we will have to take a closer look at the degree of competition. Because of the nature... ...uly 2004.Website. 6 Dec.2002. www.bradynet.com/bbs/russia/100226-0.html> Bonsor, Kevin. â€Å"How Gas Prices Work.† HowStuffWorks. 30 June 2004 Website. 29 June 2004 http://money.howstuffworks.com/gas-price.htm/printable â€Å"Strategic Petroleum Reserve-Profile† Office of Fossil Energy 1 July , 2004. Website. 1 July 2004 Mitchell, Andrew and Oweis, Khaled, Reuters â€Å"OPEC Prepares Oil; Deal to End $40 crude Prices.† AOL Business News. 3 June 2004 Website. 3 June 2004 http://aolsvc.news.aol.com/business/article.adp?id=200406020883009990015&_mp... Lott, Trent. â€Å"A $100 Fill-Up?† Truth News 30 June 2004 Website 28 May 2004 http://truthnews.com/world/2004050143.htm â€Å"US Fuel Tax Rates By State.† ClevelandGasPrices. 28 June 2004 Website.

New media study

The emergence of highly advanced technologies resulted in new methods of communication, including visual and image-based communication, through which businesses and their respective target market interact. Thus, it is highly important to understand the underlying concepts and theories behind these emerging methods of communication and optimally utilize them. For this reason, I would like to take up New Media Studies in DePaul University. As an advertising graduate who currently specializes in creating designs for a marketing firm, the program can surely help me develop sophisticated conceptual designs and advance my career. As I a native of South Korea, coming to the United States to study and establish a career has aided me in developing a profound understanding of diverse cultures and societies with this country’s multicultural population. Moreover, I was also able to obtain a deep grasp of the market and the media. I took up advertising in the Illinois Institute of Art in Chicago where I was able to acquire a basic understanding of the meanings behind images and designs and their impact on the public. This university also taught and honed my skills in producing conceptual designs. Thus, my academic background and experience serve as a solid foundation which would be really helpful when I become accepted to the New Media Studies program. After graduation, I worked in CMO Graphics as prepress artist and helped the company create design solutions for its clients. After a few months, I started working for Point B Communications and contributed in providing marketing and advertising solutions for its various clients through brand-building. My experience with them has further enhanced my skills in graphic design, fine arts, and layout design. My working experiences have enlightened me about the true meaning of design. I believe that design is important to express the way an artist feels and turn this emotion and vision into an image or design. Despite the diversity of knowledge and skills that I acquired through my academic and work experiences, I realized that there is still so much that I have to learn. For this reason, I decided to apply at DePaul University and take up Master of Arts in New Media Studies. Through the program, I would like to achieve this goal and objective: to learn and improve my skills in a variety of areas such as writing, digital design, and media-related studies. One of my objectives that I would like to realize through the New Media Studies program is to improve my writing skills and learn how to change my writing style so that it can fit any category, whether it is for technical, professional, or creative purposes. It is also one of my objectives to further develop my abilities in creating digital media and design which I can use in making more advanced advertising design concepts. Learning more about media representation would also be advantageous for me as my work mostly deals with visual images and design. I believe that it is highly important to understand the public’s impression of these images and designs on the public so that I can produce design concepts that will have a positive impact on them. I chose to study at DePaul University because it offers the New Media Studies courses exclusively at night to accommodate working adults such as myself. With the courses provided at night, I would be able to attend classes and focus on my studies without worries. The program is also flexible enough to teach me technicalities and advancement in the new media field. Hence, if I become accepted to this program, I look forward to the fresh new ideas that I will gain which I would definitely apply to my current job. I also selected DePaul University because I believe that it can offer me the best academic experience and instill the knowledge and skills that I need through the New Media Studies program. With this university’s rich and wider resources, highly acclaimed professors, cultural and educational diversity, I would most certainly achieve personal and career growth. I believe that attending a school where diversity is present plays a large role in bridging cultural gaps and settling the differences. Through this, I would be able to further nurture my understanding of various different cultures. Furthermore, the New Media Studies program of the university can guarantee absolute learning experience and offer me the best career opportunities and help me attain success in my chosen field.

Complete Official ACT Practice Tests, Free Links

Complete Official ACT Practice Tests, Free Links SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips No matter how you prep for the ACT- whether you have a tutor, take a class, or study by yourself- you must get access to official ACT tests. These tests are released by ACT, Inc. and contain real questions given to actual students on previous test dates. These questions have been removed from circulation (so you won't ever see them on a real test), but their quality is second to none when it comes to ACT realism. In this post, I'll tell you how to find all currently available official ACT practice tests. Most are free and offer a good way to get your feet wet with ACT prep. We'll also discuss how to use these tests to improve your ACT score. A Quick Intro to ACT Practice Tests The ACT format hasn't changed much in the past decade (except for the essay), so tests released in 2008 are almost as good as tests released in 2018. We'll give you the tests in the following section, and then teach you how to best make use of them. Be aware that practice tests are not a cure-all for all ACT problems. Definitely learn what practice tests do and don't do and understand the dangers of abusing practice tests. In addition, make sure you take them at the optimal frequency and aren't taking full practice tests too close to your test date. All Free, Full-Length ACT Practice Tests The following ACT practice tests are totally free. We've gathered all of them together in one place for your convenience. Currently, there are six PDF tests that you can print out and take on paper: ACT Practice Test 2018-19 (Form 74FPRE) Test: p-55. Answer key: p57-60. ACT Practice Test 2015-16 (Form 72CPRE) Test: p-55. Answer key: p57-62. ACT Practice Test 2014-15 (Form 67C) Test: p-51 (ignore the essay). Answer key: p56-62. ACT Practice Test 20-12 (Form 64E) Test: p13-56 (ignore the essay). Answer key: p60-65. ACT Practice Test 2008-09 (Form 61C) Test: p13-55 (ignore the essay). Answer key: p60-64. ACT Practice Test 2005-06 (Form 59F) Test: p13-55 (ignore the essay). Answer key: p60-65. Notice a few years missing? That's because ACT, Inc. duplicates the same test in different years. For example, the 2015-16 test is identical to the 2016-17 and 2017-18 tests and the 2018-19 test is identical to the 2019-20 test. We've included the form ID with each test so that you can confirm for yourself what's the same and what's not (you can find this code at the bottom-left of each page on the tests). There is also one ACT free online sample test. Although the test format is a little clunky, it's overall a convenient digital resource. To use it, click through each section to answer questions in short batches. Once you receive your scores for a question set, you'll move on to the next batch of questions. Unfortunately, these features make it impossible to take this ACT test under realistic timing conditions, but at least you can get some helpful practice with it. 2 Official ACT Practice Test Resources You Can Buy So far, we've given you all free, official ACT practice tests. But what about paid practice tests? For even more high-quality practice, consider buying the following official ACT practice tests. The Official ACT Prep Guide, 2019-2020 Edition Price: About $21 This official prep book is definitely the best resource for realistic ACT practice questions. Don't bother using Kaplan or The Princeton Review for practice tests, as their quality is far inferior to the tests created by ACT, Inc. The 2019-20 edition includes five full-length ACT practice tests with essay prompts. One of these tests is new to the 2019-20 edition and one of them also appears in the 2018-19 edition, but the other three are the same tests as those in the 2018 and 2016-17 editions. Therefore, you might want to consider buying a copy of the third edition (which has five unique practice tests) in addition to the 2019-20 edition for extra practice. ACT Online Program Price: $39.95 This official online program includes two extra full-length ACT practice tests and many authentic practice questions that reflect the most recent changes to the ACT. The online prep material forlearning the subjects isn't all that great, however, so you're really only buying it for the tests. How to Use Official ACT Tests: 4 Tips Because each ACT practice test takes about four hours to complete, it's important for you to get the most out of every one you take. Below, we go over some important tips to keep in mind when taking these official ACT practice tests: But before we get to our tips, it's worth reiterating that practice tests can't be used to address all possible ACT problems. If you're struggling to understand certain concepts, for example, you'll need to make sure you're brushing up on your content review and learning difficult topics from scratch. So while ACT practice tests are an excellent way to track your progress, they certainly aren't the only resources out there! Now, we'll show you how you can use ACT practice tests to your advantage. #1: Take Each Test in One Sitting The ACT is a marathon that forces you to sit and concentrate for four hours on an early Saturday morning. You need to build up your test-taking stamina so that you don't make careless mistakes at the end of the exam. By taking each ACT practice test in one sitting, you'll increase your endurance for the real test. If you don't have time in your schedule for a four-hour session, splitting it up over multiple days is OK- as long as you heed our next tip. #2: Use Official Time Limits It is critical that you recreate the time limits on the ACT as you take practice tests. Each section requires you to answer one or more questions in about a minute, which causes most students to end up with less time than they need, especially on the Math section. But don't be tempted to give yourself even two extra minutes, as this could unfairly let you finish more questions, thereby improving your score substantially. Remember that ACT practice tests should be reliable indicators of your real ACT score. If you give yourself more time than what's allowed on the test, you won't be able to see where you're actually scoring. #3: Review Your Answers At the end of every test, be sure to review every mistake you made as well as every question you got correct. If you bypass this step, you're not going to learn from your mistakes, and you'll continue making the same ones over and over again. A rule of thumb is to spend at least two hours reviewing every full ACT practice test you take. Though this is time consuming, it's important that you emphasize quality of learning over quantity of learning. In the end, it's better to take three tests with detailed review than it is to take six tests with no review. #4: No Improvement? Supplement Your Practice Tests While some students can learn from their mistakes, others need guidance to point out where their weaknesses are and assignments to help them directly improve upon their weak points. A good prep program can supercharge your ACT prep so that you're always focusing on the best material. Check out our industry-leading online ACT prep program. We've designed it to cover all the advantages of ACT books and tutors- and more- at an affordable price. Featuring in-depth strategy lessons and thousands of practice questions, our program uses the best content from the leading prep books. It also guides you step by step through what you should be working on at every moment to best improve your ACT score. This works by customizing to your strengths and weaknesses, and then giving you focused practice to help you learn the patterns on the test. Finally, it motivates you to study so that you put in enough time. There's a 4-point guarantee, too- meaning that if you don't improve your score by 4 points or more, you'll get all of your money back! For other ACT prep resources, take a look at our guides to the best ACT prep books, the best ACT websites, and how to find an ACT tutor. What's Next? Want more ACT practice? Check out our massive collection of official and unofficial ACT practice tests. And if you're hoping to hone your math skills specifically, we've compiled the best ACT Math practice tests in a separate guide. Taken the ACT already but unhappy with your score? Use our guide to decide whether you should retake the ACT. Not sure when to take the ACT? Get a complete study plan for the ACT to figure out the best date for you. Check out our industry leading ACT prep program. We have a 4 point improvement guarantee- improve your ACT composite score by 4 points, or get every dollar of your money back. We're that confident in our program.

Getting through the most awkward interview moments

Getting through the most awkward interview moments At some point in your career, you’re going to have an awkward interview moment. It may be something you say; it may be coming from the interviewer; it could be anything. In the end, all you can do is laugh it off and hope for the best (or start working on the next opportunity), but there are also some strategies you can implement that can make things a little smoother in the meantime. 4 ways to ease interview awkwardness1. When you don’t know the answer to a questionYour brain is shouting, â€Å"Stall for time!† while you think about the answer to a question you don’t understand- or just plain don’t know. The problem is that the interviewer can tell that you’re a) stalling for time or b) bluffing your way through if you try to get around the answer. Your best bet is just to be honest.â€Å"I don’t know† isn’t a great response, but try framing it differently. â€Å"That’s a good question! Can you clarify what you m ean by the [X-Y-Z] process?†2. When you’re trying to avoid an elephant in the roomLet’s say you’re interviewing at Y Corp, and Y Corp just happens to be infamous for shady corporate behavior or poor reviews by former employees. You definitely don’t want to lead with that, but you might have legitimate concerns about what it would be like to work there. Instead of putting the interviewer on the defensive, try framing it as a question about what the culture is in the office, and whether the company is addressing some of the issues raised in public. If your query comes from a place that’s thoughtful and curious, rather than accusatory, it creates less friction with the interviewer.3. When you’re being asked about highly personal informationIt’s illegal for employers to hire (or not hire) based on factors like religion, family status, or ethnicity. So if you find yourself being asked questions about this (either directly or in an indirect way, like through small talk), you can redirect. You don’t have to come on strong, talking about legal employment statutes, but it’s okay to steer the conversation away.For example: if you think the interviewer is trying to figure out if you’re likely to have children in the near future, emphasize that you’re committed to the job as a priority, regardless of what is going on in your personal life.4. When you got fired from your last jobIt happens. Not every job ends with a seamless transition to the next one. If you’re trying to cover a firing (even if you were fired for something you did), it’s not necessarily a dealbreaker, and you should be prepared to talk about it. Practice your response ahead of time for a question like, â€Å"Why did you leave your last job?† or â€Å"Can you tell me about the circumstances when you left your last job?† Practicing it beforehand can decrease anxiety in the moment- a plan in place means you know exactly what to say. It can also help you modulate your tone, because you really don’t want to seem angry or defensive in front of a potential new employer.Be sure to limit your answer to just the pertinent info. If you find yourself inclined to start with, â€Å"Okay, here’s the story of what really happened. My boss was a total jerk, and†¦Ã¢â‚¬  then it’s time to edit. Keep personal details and opinions out of it. And it’s fine to give a brief, one-or-two sentence discussion of what happened. The interviewer isn’t looking for a saga- just the basic understanding.And above all else- be positive. Even the worst situations can provide valuable learning opportunities, so you can say, â€Å"It was a challenge, but it taught me much more about how to handle a situation like this proactively and helped me refocus my energies on the skills I needed to build.†Being able to get through these awkward moments can make the difference between a failed interview and a saved one. Staying calm and talking through it can usually fix an embarrassing moment and hel p you get things back on track.

Argentina Crisis essays

Argentina Crisis essays To truly understand the Argentina Crisis you must first know what has happened with their government within the past two years. Argentina has been in a terrible recession for the past four years. IN December 1999 newly elected president Fernando De La Rua vowed to restore the economy. Then the budget was not looking so good. Economy minister, Jose Luis Machina predicted the budget to over shoot the 5.2 billion dollar target by 10%. In March Machina said forget this and quit, to be replaced by Ricardo Lopez Murphy. Murphy steps right in presenting a tough 4.45 billion dollar two year austerity program with deep cuts in education. Distraught by these policies six government officials quit in protest and force Murphy to resign. In March 2001 Domingo Cavallo a former economy minister is appointed to try to restructure the economy. In the past two years Argentines have seen way too many faces slide through offices. This caused people to start to lose trust and hope in their government. Soon after Cavallos appointment the stock market crashes and three rating agencies slash Argentinas credit ratings. In July 2001 Murphys austerity bills are passed. Slashing state salaries and pensions by 13% and forcing an end to budget deficits. Argentines trust in their government is now completely lost. In November of that year people withdrew almost 1.3billlion dollars from their bank accounts. This worried Cavallo, so he ordered a restriction on the amount of money the pubic is allowed to withdraw from their bank accounts. This was also done to help out the banks. The pension funds that were taken are now being transformed into treasury bonds or government backed loans to pay service debts. Argentina now is in total crisis. Unemployment has risen to 18.3% and all unions are calling a strike. In December 2001 another official quits, Finance secretary Daniel Ma ...

Describe and explain the most important contributions of FDR to the Essay

Describe and explain the most important contributions of FDR to the history of the United States - Essay Example His name is also connected with one of the most significant chapters in the history of American foreign policy and diplomacy - creation of the League of Nations that is a prototype of the modern United Nations; establishment and normalization of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union; U.S. leading role in the anti-Hitler coalition and post war world. Roosevelt proved himself as an extraordinary, flexible and extremely cautious politician, able to guess the trend correctly and promptly and accurately respond to the changing mood of all social classes. His New Deal program not only balanced the finance industry of the country during and after the worst financial crisis, but also helped to minimize serious social and political upheaval. This set of laws, passed by Congress on the initiative of the President, was a bold experiment in the sphere of state regulation. Thanks to Roosevelt, the U.S. spent more than 40 years without any crises. Capitalism as the economic system has survived in America just because Roosevelt managed to humanize industrial relations and introduced the principles of social responsibility. Roosevelt started the transformation of American society into a regulated and socially oriented. Roosevelt did his best to preserve and develop the existing socio-economic system in the country and strengthen the dominant position of the United States in the world. Roosevelt, in contrast to many other Presidents, has always remained a sober and pragmatic

Role of Higher Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Role of Higher Education - Research Paper Example The role of higher education in changing our cultures and integration can be addressed in different perspectives. Globalization is the description of the new changes, ideas and developments that are coming up to change and improve peoples’ cultures, politics, businesses and generally the way of life. It is under globalization that the society is able to utilize the global trends and take advantage of the new ideas, to plan for the future. With the emerging competition due to globalization, higher education institutions are introducing topics to help students be in line with the developing world. Societies that invent or create new products and business ideas are considered to be responsible for the future development and well being. In that case, colleges and universities are required and faced with the demand for spreading knowledge and creating entrepreneurial skills to the students and potential business merchants. It has become essential for universities to develop cultures that are beneficial to the market trends, a demand that has also led to competition among universities. This creates a very competitive environment, with each institution striving to find unique and quality skills. All higher education institutions have a vision. It is in every culture of every society to have a vision, for the present and future generations. All the great and international universities let the world know their future plans, or vision, especially about what they intend to develop for the benefit of the society. The higher education institutions have the role of preparing and enlightening the society and their students, about the opportunities, changes and effects that come as a result of globalization. Universities and colleges also have the role of providing the market with knowledge and the workers to serve and develop the world. Transformation involves developing from the ancients or past ways of doing things and from

Turkish Maritime Cabotage Rights Research Proposal

Turkish Maritime Cabotage Rights - Research Proposal Example The Republic of Turkey is strategically placed in an area between the Asian, African and European continents and the three sides of the country are encompassed by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Black Sea to the north and the Aegean Sea to the west. The Turkish Straits is the only water route between Black Sea and Mediterranean and have unique physical, hydrological and navigational conditions (Unescap, Turkey Report 2000/2009). It has been recently contended that the volume of traffic flow in the Straits have exceeded limits of safe navigation as there has been an increase in the number of vessels and quantities of dangerous cargo. Any accident could cause irreversible damage to the environment. In order to maintain safety of navigation, life and property in the region, the Turkish Government has adopted a set of regulations for maritime traffic in 1994. Turkey's approach to maritime transport is consistent with international regulations and principles of fostering free mari time competition, safety and environmental concerns. Turkey's maritime transport facilities are rather extensive. ... Turkey has merchant fleet with capacity more than 9.5 million DWT and about 899 ships and is in the 20th rank in the world fleet. Total capacity consists of 5 per cent public and 95 per cent private sectors. The majority of ships comprising total merchant shipping fleet are bulk carries (48 per cent), dry cargo ships (19 per cent), oil tankers (10 per cent). The other types of ships constitute 23 per cent of the fleet. (Information available from Unescap Report on Turkey, 2000/2009) Cabotage Laws and Rights: The maritime sector in Turkey is also subject to certain legal arrangements and Law 815 on Cabotage Auxiliary services rendered in Turkish ports and waters are subject to the Law on Cabotage. In accordance with the Cabotage Act, all commercial shipping and related activities between the ports and all trading in the coastal lines is reserved for Turkish-flag vessels and supply of services are given to Turkish companies only although all auxiliary services at the ports are available to all nationalities. Transportation that violates Cabotage rights is not accepted and negotiations on Cabotage transportation services in turkey have been very rigid. Turkish Code of Commerce is related to maritime transport and is harmonized in accordance with the arrangements of EU. The application and implementation of Cabotage rights is a very important milestone in Turkish Maritime Industry and this thesis will delve deeper into the maritime industry, the regulations in Turkish shipping industry and the role of Cabotage rights in helping Turkey to integrate its shipping industry with EU and international shipping standards. Turkish fleet

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT (EXAM) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT (EXAM) - Essay Example Holding inventory can improve customer service while maintaining independence of the supply chain. The major disadvantage of holding inventory is that it is expensive. The average carrying cost of inventory across all manufacturing is 25-35% of its value. Higher carrying costs result in decreased profits for the firm. In other words, holding inventory is a non-value adding cost. Value of holding inventory is an opportunity cost for the firm where the money is stagnant and not invested. Above all, inventory deteriorates; it becomes obsolete, lost or stolen. Holding inventory increases the firm's risks. The EOQ model minimizes the sum of holding and ordering costs. The model assumes that there is only one product involved. The annual demand is assumed as even and constant throughout the year and the demand requirements are known. Lead time is assumed as fixed and non-varying where each order is received in a single delivery. EOQ further assumes no quantity discounts. c. The inventory control manager of a car factory issues orders for tyres which cost '48 each. He has estimated that stock holding costs about 25% per year while the administration costs about '150 for each order. Given that demand for tyres is reasonable steady throughout the year at 20,000 per month, estimate the EOQ for these tyres. Modelling approach to inventory has advantages in business such as being easy to understand and use, giving good guidelines for order size and easy to implement and automate. Models can find other values such as costs and cycle lengths, encourages stability and allows different circumstances/situations. Question 4 a. Discuss why the design of jobs is an important aspect of operations management. Job design describes the tasks, methods, responsibilities and environment used by individuals to do their work. It finds the best possible way of doing a job. The objectives of job design involves meeting the productivity, quality and other goals of the organisation as well as making the job safe, satisfying and rewarding for the individual. These objectives are extensions of the fundamental task of an operations manager who is responsible for all aspects of the organisation's products and the processes used to make them. Managing operations directly affects performance of an organisation; job design is one of the strategies that would improve performance. b. Chronologically, there has been a series of approaches to job design over the last 100 years. Select any two of the major approaches and discuss the important features of each approach, together with advantages and disadvantages. Job Rotation is an approach of job design where the job each person does is rotated in a certain period so that people do not get into a rut of doing the same specialised job all the time. The advantage of job rotation is that it can give people more varied work and a broader range of skills. The disadvantage of job rotation is that it only gives a temporary improvement as people soon feel they are being switched around a series of equally boring jobs. Job

The fire of Jubilee by Stephen Oates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The fire of Jubilee by Stephen Oates - Essay Example Unlike other slaves living in Virginia during 1820s, Turner was permitted to move among the county plantation and farms and to preach to his fellow slaves during Sundays. This kind of freedom and movement gave him a chance to study his fellow slaves and identify those who suited his plans. Further, it gave him an opportunity to learn the County’s geography and to note the brutal and cruel masters in the County farms. The author states that Turner’s reading of the bible made him realize that white people were wrong in justifying and quantifying slavery and that the bible contained amazing stories of the liberation of captives and exiles. The knowledge he gained from the Bible, his life experience and interpretation of mysterious signs forced Turner to believe that God had chosen him to stage a rebellion that would end up liberating the slaves in Virginia just as Moses liberated the Israelites from captivity in Egypt (Oates 31). An eclipse that occurred in Virginia in 183 1 encouraged Turner that God wanted him to start the uprising and his followers or fellow slaves began the revolt without hesitation since they knew it was for their liberation. When rebellion began, Turner followers traveled across Virginia executing white people in every farm. It is significant to note that the book provides chronological happening of the rebellion in Virginia and its inhuman suppression. as amazing as the story of the Virginia rebellion is, Oates narration of the aftermath of the 1831 events is saddening. For instance, the author states that at the beginning, it is not recognized that the number of black casualties murdered in white retaliation was more than Turner’s victims were. In addition, the author explains the fear and anxiety among white people in Virginia and other States that practiced slavery. White people feared that the uprising or rebellion was a small part of a bigger and much more organized uprising planned by William Lloyd from the North. William Lloyd Garrison advocated for abolitionism movement.

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT (EXAM) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT (EXAM) - Essay Example Holding inventory can improve customer service while maintaining independence of the supply chain. The major disadvantage of holding inventory is that it is expensive. The average carrying cost of inventory across all manufacturing is 25-35% of its value. Higher carrying costs result in decreased profits for the firm. In other words, holding inventory is a non-value adding cost. Value of holding inventory is an opportunity cost for the firm where the money is stagnant and not invested. Above all, inventory deteriorates; it becomes obsolete, lost or stolen. Holding inventory increases the firm's risks. The EOQ model minimizes the sum of holding and ordering costs. The model assumes that there is only one product involved. The annual demand is assumed as even and constant throughout the year and the demand requirements are known. Lead time is assumed as fixed and non-varying where each order is received in a single delivery. EOQ further assumes no quantity discounts. c. The inventory control manager of a car factory issues orders for tyres which cost '48 each. He has estimated that stock holding costs about 25% per year while the administration costs about '150 for each order. Given that demand for tyres is reasonable steady throughout the year at 20,000 per month, estimate the EOQ for these tyres. Modelling approach to inventory has advantages in business such as being easy to understand and use, giving good guidelines for order size and easy to implement and automate. Models can find other values such as costs and cycle lengths, encourages stability and allows different circumstances/situations. Question 4 a. Discuss why the design of jobs is an important aspect of operations management. Job design describes the tasks, methods, responsibilities and environment used by individuals to do their work. It finds the best possible way of doing a job. The objectives of job design involves meeting the productivity, quality and other goals of the organisation as well as making the job safe, satisfying and rewarding for the individual. These objectives are extensions of the fundamental task of an operations manager who is responsible for all aspects of the organisation's products and the processes used to make them. Managing operations directly affects performance of an organisation; job design is one of the strategies that would improve performance. b. Chronologically, there has been a series of approaches to job design over the last 100 years. Select any two of the major approaches and discuss the important features of each approach, together with advantages and disadvantages. Job Rotation is an approach of job design where the job each person does is rotated in a certain period so that people do not get into a rut of doing the same specialised job all the time. The advantage of job rotation is that it can give people more varied work and a broader range of skills. The disadvantage of job rotation is that it only gives a temporary improvement as people soon feel they are being switched around a series of equally boring jobs. Job

The environment and its problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The environment and its problems - Essay Example All the natural elements that surround us are very well linked one to another, making sure to establish an ecological balance between organisms. Ecosystems are the nature’s proof that we are present on earth with a predetermined biological purpose. Photosynthesis is the mechanism that enables plants to produce enough energy to live and to start the natural food chain, which supports numerous species in the food chain. Human beings are the ones who have a developed sense of knowledge and understanding. As such, they are the ones who control the balance of the food chain. For instance, human beings can make sure that their activities do not disrupt the balance within the ecosystem. On the contrary, we are too busy mining and pricing the crude barrels with a resultant loss of human life and use of guns in the Middle East. In addition, natural tropical rainforests such as the Amazon are continuously being chopped down in a bid to satisfy our ever rising demand for wood. Moreover, the Great Barrier Reef, located in Australia, received on 2010 the longest known grounding scar on it as a result of an oil spill. With regards to these damaging human activities, climate change is inevitable. What natural wonders are the future generations going to be allowed to appreciate? How better is this new world that we are creating where they ought to grow old? Just a taste of this makes us think a little bit about our natural environment and how to preserve it. Global warming evidence has brought together countries around the world, in a desperate effort to try and help in reducing the carbon dioxide and othe2r greenhouse gasses emission from the man-made activities. One of the ways that people and organizations around the world are reducing these emissions is through recycling campaigns. In addition, people are also promoting a healthier lifestyle (one thing that I totally approve) and as a result avoiding processed food while promoting

Goals of Bureaucracy Essay Example for Free

Goals of Bureaucracy Essay Bureaucracy is an organizational or governmental structure wherein the regulations and principles are set in a specified and rigid way to control the activities within a group. Bureaucracy follows a standardized set of procedures which its members are expected to follow in order to execute tasks. Bureaucracy is highlighted by its distinct characteristics which put emphasis on hierarchy, division of powers and relationships which translate to a formal political influence within the organization. The modern day practice of bureaucracy is set to towards reaching predetermined goals by sticking to rigid policies. Bureaucrats are expected to follow certain rules and regulations in order to ensure a smooth work flow within the organization (â€Å"Bureaucracy and Adhocracy,† n. d) Bureaucracy under different types of government works either for the benefit of the people, or their demise. As such, there are certain values that bureaucrat representatives must take into account in order to efficiently provide for the needs of the majority. There are different values which bureaucrats must be able adhere. These values are efficiency, accountability, neutrality and responsiveness to citizens among others. However, I personally believe that among these qualities and goals that a bureaucratic government must adhere, accountability and neutrality are two of the most important. Accountability within a government body is always important. Government bodies are elected because the majority of the people have chosen them represent their needs in the society. And as such, in a bureaucracy or in any other form of government, the importance of putting the people first is always a necessity (Mises, 1969, pp. 42-60). Accountability, if observed within a government translates into the other goals that bureaucracy should be accounted for. If government officials or bureaucrats will hold themselves accountable for the needs of the people, then they also render themselves responsive to the needs of the people who entrusted the government into leadership. Further, neutrality within the government system is equally as important. Leaders of a nation must, at all times, maintain neutrality – between the rich and poor; majority and minority. In this way, the rights of every individual for a fair and just treatment in the society will never be less prioritized. The right to fair treatment in the court or in the peoples daily lives is one of the most important aspect that a government or organization must provide to their people (Mises, 1969, pp. 42-60). Failure to provide the people with these two – accountability and neutrality – any government body or organization will function less properly and less effective in addressing the needs of the people. In addition, failure to make the people feel that the government is neutral in dealing with their people, and if the people felt that their government is less accountable to their needs and rights, people lose the trust they have for their government. Losing the trust of the people means that the organization itself is not efficient and is not effective into delivering the needs of the people. Thus, accountability and neutrality are two of the most distinct and important goals that any government or bureaucracy must instill. Accountability and neutrality, if put into practice, shall guide the government and the people to work efficiently together. These two values will render the government or organizational body the credibility towards the people under their rule. And as such, credibility shall also earn leaders respect and trust from the people.

Smoking During Pregnancy Health Concern

Smoking During Pregnancy Health Concern Erin Chaplin – Term Project Assignment #1 Topic: Tobacco Use  State: Iowa Objective: TU-6 -TU-6 Increase smoking cessation during pregnancy Increase smoking cessation during pregnancy Introduction Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a key public health concern in the United States. There are few instances in which environment has such a large effect on development as during pregnancy, which is considered a critical period.2 Prenatal factors have a large influence on a baby’s growth and development, and can lead to health consequences that affect them for their whole lives.2 Many women still smoke during pregnancy, despite it being well known that it puts the baby at risk of many health problems. There is a significant amount of scientific research proving the adverse effects of smoking during pregnancy, and pregnant women are discouraged from smoking while pregnant.2 However, it is reported that as many as 14% of pregnant women in the US continue smoking during pregnancy.1 Smoking during pregnancy remains the most common cause of infant illness and death, even though effective cessation methods exist.3 Public health is working toward trying to decrease the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy, but historical progress has been slow.3 Implications The period of infant development during pregnancy has arguably the most profound influence on a person’s long term health and quality of life.2 Smoking during pregnancy can negatively influence growth and development to such an extent as to determine future health and behavior of the child.2 There is plenty of evidence proving that the effects of smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of pregnancy complications such as fetal death (spontaneous abortion), fetal growth restriction (reduced birth weight), placental complications, and premature delivery.1,2,3 Smoking also increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) after birth.3 â€Å"In 2002, 5%–8% of preterm deliveries, 13%–19% of term infants with growth restriction, 5%–7% of preterm-related deaths, and 23%–34% of deaths from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were attributable to prenatal smoking in the United States.† 3 Children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy also have increased risk for disease, health problems, and behavioral/ psychological issues later in life.2 There is evidence of a dose-response relationship, that increasing amount of cigarette usage is related to increased risk of defects and complications.1,2 It has been shown that nicotine crosses the placenta, and concentrations of nicotine in the baby can be as much as 15% higher than concentrations in the mother.2 There is also evidence that women who smoke during pregnancy have an increased risk of having a baby with two or more defects.1 There are a surprisingly large number of different physical birth defects that have been associated with significantly higher risk in women that smoke during pregnancy. There is a 9% increased risk associated with cardiovascular/heart birth defects.1 There is a 16% increased risk associated with musculoskeletal defects, such a limb reductions/underdevelopment.1 There is a 19% increased risk of facial defects, especially oral/facial clefts, with eye defects alone being greater than 25% increased risk.1 There is also increased risk of gastrointestinal defects and hernias.1 The most significant effects of smoking are seen in the occurrence and increased risk of limb reductions, club foot, oral clefts, eye defects, and hernias.1 There is not sufficient evidence to show an association between maternal smoking and defects of the genitourinary, respiratory, or central nervous systems, though it is possible that smoking may have some effect.1 (See Appendix B for Figure showing associations of specific defects with smoking) In the US there are approximately 120,000 babies born each year with a birth defect, which is 3% incidence per year.1 Smoking while pregnant has been proven to be associated with significantly increased risk for a variety of defects including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, facial, and more.1 Many of these birth defects are quite serious, result in physical and psychological illness, require several painful and expensive surgical treatments throughout the infant’s lifetime, and may still result in a disability.1 In the US the estimated total expenditures for treating birth defects was approximately $2.1 billion in 2003.1 In 2004 approximately $122 million in healthcare costs for infants were attributed to maternal smoking.3 Thus it is a significant cost on the healthcare system for women to smoke while pregnant. Other studies have found behavioral and psychological associations between smoking during pregnancy and the child’s abilities later in life.2 One study suggests that maternal smoking negatively affects a child’s speech and language development.2 Another study found an association with decreased intelligence in the child at age 4.2 There are also several studies that suggest an association with increased externalizing disorders, such as conduct disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADD/ADHD).2 Cognitive function has been shown to be adversely affected in through decreased attention span, response inhibition, memory, impulsivity, receptive language, verbal learning and design memory, problem solving, speech and language, school performance, and auditory processing.2 It is important to also keep in mind that secondhand smoke after birth also increases a baby or child’s risk for respiratory disease and infections, immune system problems like asthma and allergies, ear infections, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and cancer later in life.2,3 Trends Maternal smoking remains a common problem.2 It is reported that as many as 14% of pregnant women in the US continue smoking during pregnancy.1 For most states the prevalence of smoking hasn’t changed much over time; however from 2000 to 2010 smoking prevalence actually decreased in parts of the US.3 In a subgroup of ten states the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy decreased from 13.3% to 12.3%, and smoking after birth decreased from 18.6% to 17.2% over the 11 year period.3 Sites that showed a significant decrease in maternal smoking from 2000 to 2010 include Colorado, Illinois, Minnesota, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, New York City, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin and Wyoming.3 New York City achieved the highest annual percentage decrease.3 Unfortunately in Louisiana, Maine, Mississippi, and West Virginia the prevalence of smoking during and after pregnancy actually increased over the time period.3 (See Figures on next page showing maternal smoking prevalence in US by time and location) In 2010 prevalence of smoking before pregnancy ranged from 9.2% in New York City to 46.2% in West Virginia, with an average of 23.2% of women that reported smoking during the 3 months before pregnancy.3 At the time only New York City and Utah had achieved the Healthy People 2020 goal of reducing prevalence of smoking during the 3 months before pregnancy to 14%. 3 Figure 1 from Source 3 Figure 2 from Source 3 In 2010 prevalence of smoking during pregnancy ranged from 2.3% in New York City to 30.5% in West Virginia, with an average of 10.7% of women that reported smoking during the last 3 months of pregnancy.3 At the time none of sites had yet achieved the Healthy People 2020 goal of reducing prenatal smoking prevalence to 1.4%.3 In 2010 the percentage of women that had smoked but quit before the last trimester had increased significantly, especially in Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, and New Jersey.3 Unfortunately in Louisiana the number of women quitting smoking while pregnant actually decreased.3 In 2010 the percentage of women that quit smoking while pregnant ranged from 34.3% in West Virginia to 74.6% in New York City, with an average of 54.3% of women that reported quitting smoking during pregnancy.3 All sites with data available had achieved the Healthy People 2020 goal of increasing smoking cessation during pregnancy to 30%.3 In 2010 the prevalence of smoking after birth had decreased significantly, it ranged from 4.1% in New York City to 37.5% in West Virginia, with an average of 15.9% of women that reported smoking 4 months after delivery.3 In Iowa, from 2007 to 2012 the trend overall has been an average of a 15% decrease in women that have smoked before and during pregnancy.4 Unfortunately, despite this downward trend, there still remain 15% of women in Iowa that smoke during their first trimester, and 12% of women that smoke throughout their entire pregnancy.4 Awareness is helping, and there is now 41% of women in Iowa that smoked before pregnancy but quit while pregnant.4 Disparities Prevalence of smoking during pregnancy varies widely depending on maternal age, ethnicity, education, and health insurance coverage.1,2,3 Priorities can be highlighted based on this demographic information. In the US on average 20% of women less than 25 years old smoke while pregnant, compared with only 9% of women 35 years or older.1 Also 22% of women with less than 12 years of education smoke while pregnant, compared with only 6.5% of women with greater than 12 years of education.1 Some studies have even suggested that the percentage of women under age 20 that are smoking while pregnant has increased.2 Based on the demographic information presented in the Table in Appendix A, groups that need the most assistance are identified. It is easy to see a trend that women age 20-24, that are American Indian/Alaska Native, had 12 or less years of education, and had Medicaid coverage (low income) were more likely to smoke before, during, and after pregnancy.3 Women that were less than 20 years old, Asian/Pacific Islander, had greater than 12 years of education, and had private insurance coverage were all more likely to quit during pregnancy.3 (See Appendix A for Table showing maternal characteristics in prevalence of prenatal smoking) Conclusion Smoking during pregnancy has been a continued problem within the US. Maternal smoking has been proven to increase risk for many birth defects.1 Educational information encouraging women to quit smoking before or during pregnancy needs to be stressed.1 Educational and policy efforts also need to be targeted especially toward women under age 24, with 12 or less years of school, in lower socioeconomic groups, because they are more likely to smoke while pregnant.1,3 Efforts to reduce prevalence have only been mildly successful.3 In 2010 none of the states with data available had achieved the goal of reducing prevalence of prenatal smoking to 1.4%.3 If trends continue at the current slow rate then it could take another 100 years to reach that goal.3 Current tobacco control efforts in most states are probably not adequate to be able to reach national goals in reducing the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy.3 Appendix A Table 2 from Source 3 Appendix B Figure 1 from Source 1- â€Å"Summary of the meta-analyses for maternal smoking in pregnancy and birth defects. The pooled ORs are shown for each body system and specific defects (total number of malformed cases in brackets). CI: confidence interval† 1 References Hackshaw A, Rodeck C, Boniface S. (2011) Maternal smoking in pregnancy and birth defects: a systematic review based on 173 687 malformed cases and 11.7 million controls. Human Reproduction Update 2011; 17:589–604. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmr022; URL: http://humupd.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/07/09/humupd.dmr022.full Knopik VS, Maccani MA, Francazio S, McGeary JE. (2012). The epigenetics of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and effects on child development. Development and Psychopathology 2012; 24(4):1377-1390. doi: http://dx.doi.org.proxy.lib.uiowa.edu/10.1017/S0954579412000776. Tong VT, Dietz PM, Morrow B, D’Angelo DV, Farr SL, Rockhill KM, England LJ. (2013). Trends in Smoking Before, During, and After Pregnancy – Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 40 Sites, 2000–2010. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Surveillance Summaries 2013; 62(6):1-19. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss6206.pdf Muldoon, J. (2013) Percent of newborns exposed to maternal smoking, by county. IA Dept. Public Health: Vital Records and Bureau of Family Health, Div. Tobacco Use Prevention Control, IDPH; 2013. URL: http://www.idph.state.ia.us/IDPHChannelsService/file.ashx?file=787F5953-4D70-4563-A885-FCB2C9D3C185

The Sons Veto Essay examples -- The Sons Veto Thomas Hardy Essays

The Son's Veto Thomas Hardy was a novelist and a great poet. He was born into the working class until he married into the upper class, forgetting about his past because of the embarrassment it caused him. He was born in 1840 and died in 1928. Sophy is an upper class woman with a lower class background who is used to working class expectations and 'not up to the standard of the upper class'. Sophy had worked as a maid in the house of the reverend as a young girl and after his first wife died had stayed to look after the reverend. After an accident which left her partially lame, the reverend asked her to marry him. Her life would have been happier if she had married Sam instead. She would not have been caught between society's boundaries. An example of his embarrassment about his background is shown when he is alleged to have destroyed evidence of his past when working on his autobiography about him. He was reluctant for his upper class acquaintances to know about his poor past. Another example is the fact that he did not invite his family to his wedding. He was embarrassed about them and did not consider them good enough to mix with his new family. This is reflected in 'The Son's Veto when Mr Twycott ensured that the wedding was held in secret because it would destroy Mr Twycott's reputation. In those days people from the two classes could never mix. Another example is that Sophy and Rev Twycott gave up their home in Gaymead and went to live in a small 'dusty house' in London. 'They were however away from everyone who had known her former position'. This is an example of Rev Twycott wanting to get away from observation and gossip. They were prepared to give up everything to avoid gossip and hide ... ...ship with Sam, thus denying her any happiness and so contributed to her downfall. The Son's Veto is written in the third person. Hardy however, intrudes on the narration with his personal comments such as his comments on Sophy's hairstyle and the amount of time and work she spent on it. She had done it all herself, poor thing. She had no maid and it was the only accomplishment she could boast of. Hardy evokes the readers sympathy for Sophy by giving her a hard life who never gets what she wants because of the restrictions of society. Sophy had a number of weaknesses but I believe that the restrictions of society played a great part in her downfall. If she had married a working class person she would have had a far happier life. Generally, it is far easier today for the two social classes to mix, people are more tolerant about other people's origins. The Son's Veto Essay examples -- The Son's Veto Thomas Hardy Essays The Son's Veto Thomas Hardy was a novelist and a great poet. He was born into the working class until he married into the upper class, forgetting about his past because of the embarrassment it caused him. He was born in 1840 and died in 1928. Sophy is an upper class woman with a lower class background who is used to working class expectations and 'not up to the standard of the upper class'. Sophy had worked as a maid in the house of the reverend as a young girl and after his first wife died had stayed to look after the reverend. After an accident which left her partially lame, the reverend asked her to marry him. Her life would have been happier if she had married Sam instead. She would not have been caught between society's boundaries. An example of his embarrassment about his background is shown when he is alleged to have destroyed evidence of his past when working on his autobiography about him. He was reluctant for his upper class acquaintances to know about his poor past. Another example is the fact that he did not invite his family to his wedding. He was embarrassed about them and did not consider them good enough to mix with his new family. This is reflected in 'The Son's Veto when Mr Twycott ensured that the wedding was held in secret because it would destroy Mr Twycott's reputation. In those days people from the two classes could never mix. Another example is that Sophy and Rev Twycott gave up their home in Gaymead and went to live in a small 'dusty house' in London. 'They were however away from everyone who had known her former position'. This is an example of Rev Twycott wanting to get away from observation and gossip. They were prepared to give up everything to avoid gossip and hide ... ...ship with Sam, thus denying her any happiness and so contributed to her downfall. The Son's Veto is written in the third person. Hardy however, intrudes on the narration with his personal comments such as his comments on Sophy's hairstyle and the amount of time and work she spent on it. She had done it all herself, poor thing. She had no maid and it was the only accomplishment she could boast of. Hardy evokes the readers sympathy for Sophy by giving her a hard life who never gets what she wants because of the restrictions of society. Sophy had a number of weaknesses but I believe that the restrictions of society played a great part in her downfall. If she had married a working class person she would have had a far happier life. Generally, it is far easier today for the two social classes to mix, people are more tolerant about other people's origins.

Japanese School Systems vs. American Essays -- essays research papers

Japanese School Systems vs. American   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For years, people have always felt that the Japanese school system was superior or more effective than that of the United States. Although some feel this way, others feel that the Japanese system is too strict and not flexible enough for those who may need extra help along the way. Through researching two different case studies, and also reading other materials, I have found many similarities along with many differences between the two, including teaching methods, overall emphases, and student involvement. Both countries have developed very effective and intricate systems of teaching, which compliment, and clash against one another. The Japanese system is not in all ways superior to that of the United States; however, there are a few different reasons why people may feel that the Japanese are in fact â€Å"smarter† than us. To begin with though, one must have an understanding of both systems and a basic knowledge of how they work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States federal government virtually has no control over our education system. As result, neither a national curriculum, nor a national education system, has ever been enforced. Instead, according to (Hume. â€Å"International students†¦) each state has its own Department of Education. This department sets guidelines for all Stephens2 the schools in that particular state, decides from where the school’s will get their money, regulates the licensing of teachers, and also decides on a minimum required amount of days that children need to be in school. Each school district also has a school board, who helps with all the major decisions within the school district. The members of these boards are elected in, and usually serve for a few years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most of American school’s funding comes from local property taxes, and state taxes. Due to this set up, many people complain that equal educational opportunities are not introduced to all children. They argue that the level of education a child will receive is directly reflective of the type of economic area they come from. For example, a child that comes from a rural, less wealthy part of the state will not receive the same opportunities, or the same value of education as a child who grows up in a rich suburban town. These people feel that all children should be given ... ...nts to feel more comfortable discussing academics and make friends in a way more geared to school than American children. In short, although the U.S. education system is superior to most, there are many things that if taken from the Japanese and incorporated into our system, would help our students to become more enthusiastic about school; thus making the education experience more positive and more productive. Works Cited United States Department of Education. The Educational System in the United States: A Case Study. By the U.S.D.E. in 1998. 28 November. 2002 http://www.ed.gov/pubs/USCaseStudy/ United States Department of Education. The Educational System in Japan: A Case Study. By the U.S.D.E. June 1998. 28 November. 2002 http://www.ed.gov/pubs/JapanCaseStudy/ The National Institute on Student Achievement, Curriculum, and Assessment. The Japanese Education System: A Case Study and Analysis. By the N.I.S.A.C.A. January 1999. 28 November. 2002 http://www.ed.gov/pubs/ResearchToday/98-3038.html Hume, Susan E. â€Å"International students who come to the United States†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Indiana Schools Project. Indiana University. 28 November. 2002 http://board.dserver.org/p/poppiya/ooooo661.html

Inference vs Assumption assignment

Inference vs. assumption Contrast between fact or perception â€Å"Inference is a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning, assumption is a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof, the action of taking or beginning to take power or responsibility' (dictionary. Com) had many inferences in my life about myself and others. Both with equal list and sometimes without knowing it. I am always the worry wart in my family. Always thinking what if I did this or this could go wrong.Taking as simple as quiz can often overwhelm me for days till whatever the event is over. As one of my inference was not passing my Aptitude Physical Fitness Test (APT). I always have doubt that would not pass. As in the end result I have passed. Always have that doubt. As some may know in the military perception is everything. Many will make any reasoning either truth or not perception is always there. Overhearing a group talking about another pregnant Soldier as they have conclude that she has conceived from another Soldier but is married.Not giving in to their very conclusion I had some curious to know about what is fact. Have indeed it was untrue the married Soldier was her boyfriend's friend (who was not in the military') to have keep an eye on her for his friends sake. There was times when would be watching or doing my studies in my room while my husband would be in the living room watching a game. Hearing them cheer and talking loudly inferred them to happy that their team scored or won. As it was said â€Å"we simply cannot legitimately assume what we seek to establish† (Kate Mosses).Many inference we all go through whether we intentionally doing it or not. For myself even without intention I did (well almost) about the pregnant Soldier. As it was wrong to conclude what was not true without the facts. Improper inference may as well be an assumption. To conclude my entry, is we seem to proceed our assumption without hard facts or evi dence more on perspective in what we see on the outside. As the saying goes â€Å"don't judge Reference Dictionary. Com Kate Moss, Logic an Introduction, 2011 a book by it's cove'.

Sherlock Holmes a Study in Scarlet

Sherlock Holmes different methods of solving crimes The detective genre is prominently one of the most popular forms of literature. When the detective subject arises in conversation, one is quick to think of the original and typical detective profile, imagining a man in a plaid coat, brown hat and a large magnifying glass pressed against his face, sniffing out clues and making rather large assumptions in regard to his mystery at hand. Although the description above would describe your classic, ordinary detective, Arthur Conan Doyle shows a much different perspective of the detective genre in â€Å"A Study in Scarlet†.Detective Sherlock Holmes does in fact have some very strong similarities to the characteristics shown in previous detective stories though shows a different personality and a stylized method to solving his mysteries. Doyle depicts Sherlock Holmes’s style of solving crimes through his methods, ability to observe, and his use of vocabulary. Sherlock Holmes i s undeniably one of the most interesting detective characters. Although the story line is already made to be a complex mystery, Doyle emphasizes the story more by defining and exemplifying the character of Sherlock Holmes.Sherlock has a very distinctive personality, and Doyle does an excellent job of showing his different reactions in the various situations he is presented with. When carefully analyzing Holmes character in different situations, he shows how he uses his techniques and special abilities that enable him to solve his mysteries. Doyle makes Holmes inquiry very notable by giving him and very large and witty vocabulary. Holmes is very clever and likes to show superiority above the people around him. When he speaks he makes sure to be swift, precise, and very clear about what he is trying to relate.The language he uses is large and makes others around him feel beneath him. Holmes is very clear on what his observations are and makes certain the people around him know he is i ntelligent and correct in his interpretations of the crime scene. Sherlock Holmes shows his superiority when he is observing a scene, he states to his surrounding audience that, â€Å"by his coat-sleeve, by his boots†¦ by the callosities of his forefinger and thumb† Holmes shows that his observations are quick, obvious and to his knowledge and flawless; any idiot could recognize these interpretations (Doyle).After showing his skill in recognizing the apparent, he goes on to say â€Å"That all united should fail to enlighten the competent inquirer in any case is almost inconceivable. You know that a conjurer gets no credit when once he has explained his trick; and if I show you too much of my method of working, you will come to the conclusion that I am a very ordinary individual after all† telling his coworkers and surrounding audience that his method works, it always works and others will soon learn that he is the best in the business and will continue to be so (D oyle).Holmes uses his large vocabulary to confuse and befuddle his peers, showing his superiority, making them feel small and incompetent. Holmes has a very high self-esteem and his intelligence is astounding and although he knows very well of what he is doing, he acts oblivious to his own actions. Holmes has a very powerful skill for observation in the account of any situation he is placed in. Doyle shows how intelligent Sherlock is when she describes his ability to observe scenes and details that a regular person would never perceive. He is able to analyze evidence and draw conclusions and inferences from them.When Holmes first meets Watson he is very quick to analyze him. Sherlock is introduced to Watson and asks him, â€Å"How are you†¦You have been in Afghanistan, I perceive. † And Watson replies to him in astonishment â€Å"How on earth did you know that? †(Doyle). Watson is astonished at Sherlock’s quick and accurate assumption and impeccable observa tion. Holmes has not done any research on Watson, and even though this is the first time he has ever seen or spoken to Watson in his entire life, Holmes finds observing people almost as easy as breathing.He doesn’t need to stop to think about it anymore, his observational abilities come naturally and without effort. His mind works in a different manner then normal detectives finding it easy to notice and observe the people who are brought in his presence. â€Å"Quite so. I have a kind of intuition that way. Now and again a case turns up which is a little more complex. Then I have to bustle about and see things with my own eyes. You see I have a lot of special knowledge which I apply to the problem, and which facilities matter wonderfully.Those rules of deduction laid down in that article which aroused your scorn, are invaluable to me in practical work. Observation with me is second nature† (Doyle). Holmes is a consulting detective and in this statement to Watson he sho ws his reasons and theories of working. Sherlock has a remarkable sense of observation in any type of case he is given. Whether there is a mystery to be solved for a regular citizen or for the government and law, Holmes has the ability to observe situations and easily see what the situation has in store for him.Holmes has a very strict method of working and because of his methods; he is successful at his occupation. The methods he uses are foreign to others in the detective business therefore his intelligence outshines his opponents. His powers of observation and his procedures are even influential to others because of how astonished peers seem to be of his abilities. Doyle gives Sherlock Holmes a sense of language that is very metaphorical.When Sherlock is trying to make a point, explain a thought process, or try and make his coworkers and surrounding peers feel incompetent to his knowledge, he uses a wide range of metaphors and phrases. When speaking about a murder he compares the mystery to that of a â€Å"scarlet thread of murder running through the colorless skein of life, and [their] duty is to unravel it, and isolate it, and expose every inch of it† (Doyle). Doyle gives Sherlock this very precise yet large range of metaphorical expressions when he is talking about his work.The way he describes the murder is very clear although almost brilliant. He exemplifies his methods of solving mysteries through a metaphor to try and explain to others how the murder mystery should go about being solved. Although there are many strings all raveled together in one thread, Sherlock plans to single handedly one by one remove those strings and narrow it down to one, to expose it, isolate it and execute it, all to move on to the next crime. Not only does Sherlock use his metaphors to explain his method of work but also to make others feel beneath him, as he always does.Holmes knows his capabilities and is aware of his genius mind and thought processes. When talking to Watson he says â€Å"I consider that a man's brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose. A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best is jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has a difficulty in laying his hands upon it.Now the skillful workman is very careful indeed as to what he takes into his brain-attic. He will have nothing but the tools which may help him in doing his work, but of these he has a large assortment, and all in the most perfect order. It is a mistake to think that that little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it – there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you knew before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones† (Doyle).Holmes, in his metaphori cal terms, lets Watson see into his mind and how it works compared to others while still making him feel incompetent to his coworker. In Sherlock’s mind, he explains that he only acquires the precise and important information that he will need all his life. The information that he stores in his brain is exactly where he put it, organized and easily accessed while typical human beings, â€Å"fools† he calls them, simply gather anything and everything they can find to jumble it into their small minds.When it comes times to find the information they are seeking they have a hard time, typically because they don’t know where to find it. Holmes thinks in a different way, only gathering the information that he finds absolutely necessary and easily accessible to help him be swift, flawless, accurate, and faster than anyone else he comes in counter against. Working this way helps Holmes to solve his mysteries faster leaving his peers with astonished and dumbfounded looks on their faces. Holmes has many methods of solving crimes, although working backwards seems to be one that benefits him sufficiently.Sherlock likes to perform his work in a different manner than most others. He seems to see what others do and perform the exact opposite. Holmes exclaims â€Å"In solving a problem of this sort, the grand thing is to be able to reason backwards. That is a very useful accomplishment, and a very easy one, but people do not practice it much. In the every-day affairs of life it is more useful to reason forwards, and so the other comes to be neglected. There are fifty who can reason synthetically for one who can reason analytically† (Doyle).Most people would rather take the easy way out and reason forward like the majority of society. It is easier to reason forward than it is, of course, to reason backwards. If one were asked to say the months of the year backwards or the alphabet, a person would have a difficult time stating the months or letters i n a timely fashion. For Holmes, performing his methods backward is something he prefers to do, knowing it is not a method that a lot of people use, he figures the technique will work and of course they do work wonderfully.Doyle depicts Holmes style of solving crimes through his intelligent and seemingly flawless methods. Overall, Sherlock is able to solve the mysteries he is presented with simply due to his observation skills, analysis of the crime scene and his broad yet careful choice of words and phrases. Doyle makes Holmes inquiry very notable through the personality she has given him in the novel. His character is not only unique but also is plays a huge role in his remarkable ability to solve mysteries.

Answers to West Point Admission Questions Essay

Answers to West Point Admission Questions - Essay Example In addition to inspiration from the Army, I also draw inspiration from my country. This is a great nation and the whole world looks up to it. I’m a proud citizen of USA and I wish to express my gratitude to this great country by serving its citizens and protecting its land. I believe that the Army has multiple tasks. They are not just the defenders of a nation; soldiers are servants of the people of that nation. American soldiers are warriors and defenders; they are there to serve the people of USA. West Point’s Military Academy is a renowned name in preparing graduates who have an extreme sense of duty and honor for their country. In addition, the graduates are also well disciplined. I have always been inspired by discipline of cadets. I believe that’s the way life should be: organized and well planned; for discipline makes man superior to other creatures. Personally I’m a disciplined person; I like to organize my life whenever I can. I believe that disci pline is the key to achievement. If one goes well planned and disciplined, there’s nothing that cannot be achieved. In addition, I am persistent by nature. When I start something, I rarely give it up or quit on it and I like challenging tasks like problem solving in limited time. Once I do get the chance to attend US military academy, I’d definitely want to work as an active duty army officer. I’d prefer active duty since I want to devote my whole life to US Army, I long to be a part of it. I’m also inspired by the military life. Reporting daily, being posted at a base camp; where I can learn about Army life and its challenges. Going to the USMA will also be good for my health. Undergoing physical training and extensive exercise daily will make me physically strong and daily drills will develop more discipline within me.I believe that discipline is the basic and foremost quality needed to become a successful USMA cadet. At USMA, the academy and its dignified staff strive to groom young pupils into responsible and mature cadets; for this process to be accomplished, I believe the pupils required to display best discipline. Disciplinary education is unique to military academies; USMA is no exception. Discipline is actually the component of a cadet’s life that I appreciate the most.

The interview about communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The interview about communication - Essay Example The first question I asked my friend is related to his view regarding the relations between communications and culture. He believes that communication and culture are closely intertwined with each other. In fact, my friend holds that the lack or non-existence of culture would result to the impossibility of the development of communication, historically and vice versa. He gives an example of the development of the human species. He explained that the earliest days of human beings were close to the culture of communication. Communication first started out as a necessity for collective survival of human tribes. Eventually, culture was developed as humanity developed communication skills. It came to a point wherein human beings formed different societies, created their own culture, and produced cultural distinctions and differences. This leads to the next question regarding the method behind communication as a means to bridging cultural differences. My friend answers that finding a bridge between the cultural differences of people requires understanding the culture of others. Man must look and understand another culture for what it is without any preconceived judgments or prejudices. There is no such thing as a general application of one cultural aspect to another. Each culture has its own perspective regarding different matters or points of view. According to my friend, there is a tendency for many prevailing cultures to insist that their point of view regarding any matter applies, or should be applied and adhered to by other cultures.

Business of Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business of Law - Essay Example Task 1: Contract and Tort: As far as the case is concerned it can be understood that Alice and Cyril had been to Purple Pumpkin for their lunch where after having their food, both suffer from food poisoning. The fact that needs to be considered in this case is that Purple Pumpkin is actually responsible for the food that they serve to their customers since they are the customers to Purple Pumpkin and not the companies that supply the food. It was supposed to be the potential liability of Purple Pumpkin to test the food that is supplied to them before providing them to the customers. Hence Purple Pumpkin can be sued by Alice and Cyril in this case. Considering the tort of negligence in this case, in the first step of the law that states about the duty of care, it can be said that neither the act of the defendant or Purple Pumpkin or the consequences were not foreseeable nor there existed any legal or physical closeness among the two parties. However from the losses or the suffering of the customers, there taking legal actions against Purple Pumpkin can be considered to be fair and just. ... This includes the third stage of the law of tort of negligence that considers the issue of the damage caused by the defendant. As the law states in terms of the remoteness of damage and as suitable in this particular case, â€Å"The defendant will be responsible for the harm caused to a claimant with a weakness or predisposition to a particular injury or illness† (Tufal, n.d., p.3). Hence it can be concluded on this case that Alice and Cyril being the suffered customers of Purple Pumpkin can sue the organization for providing them with foods that caused food poisoning to them. However they would require proving that it was the food supplied by that organization that caused them the poisoning. Moreover, on the part of the company, Purple Pumpkin may sue Mactavish Sea Foods Ltd that had supplied the lobsters to the organization proving the same. Liability at Contract and Liability at Tort: A Contrast: The primary difference in the liability at contract and liability at tort is i n the fact that the responsibilities assumed in contracts are completely voluntary. Thus there arises no force on any individual for the liabilities to be maintained. On the other hand, in case of tort, the potential liabilities are enforced on the individuals without letting them know or be aware of such potential liabilities. â€Å"The law sometimes requires compulsory insurance to protect against claims of liability in negligence or other torts, but it may be prudent for businesses to carry insurance for their property and possessions in the event of claims against them† (Negligence and Nuisance, n.d., p.257). Thus it can be said that in case of contracts, the law of contract would enable

Feminist Archaeology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Feminist Archaeology - Essay Example The general field, methodology, and teaching of archaeology are scrutinized from the perspective of feminism and its long-standing critique of the natural sciences. Ultimately the authors wish to see the development of a â€Å"gendered archaeology† which gives to women the role in human history which they have truly had. One example that the authors use to demonstrate that the field of archaeology has begun to change is the increasing studies which have â€Å"[recognized] female labor in a broad range of activities† in what â€Å"were once considered exclusively male domains† (Conkey 415). They stress the importance of â€Å"looking for women† projects which specifically seek to identify the tasks done by women in ancient societies which have erroneously been attributed to men. The specific issue of gender, according to the authors, has begun to give new and added focus on the role of women. Archaeological research into gender varies from an emphasis on class and occupation to an interest into the ways in which the meaning of gender has evolved over time. As well, the authors point to rise in biographies being written about female archaeologists as evidence that the field has begun to change. Interestingly the authors of the article claim that there is a correlation between research into gender inequities and work-place inequities within the field of archaeology itself. The idea that the field is sexist has, in their opinion, given rise to the increased interest and study into questions of gender. Concerning methodology, and its relation to an â€Å"engendered archaeology,† the issue of gender as a social construct is put into perspective. According to the authors, gender has always been viewed as a social construct, though in varying degrees and depending on the given scholar. In their view, a gender-based archaeology would first and foremost seek

Managing across borders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managing across borders - Essay Example Kelly and her family are clearly being affected by the cross-cultural differences between themselves and the Japanese people. The family of Kelly is having a difficulty to adapt to the new environment thus, finding it hard to live in Japan. In addition, Kelly and her family have very little information concerning the area and thus, they keep on doing things in the American style thus, they end up having a hard time to survive with the Japanese. Kelly experiences a hard time at work due to the fact that she is a female while the Japanese are used to being led by males. Thus, gender discrimination is also a major issue in Kelly’s case. Clashes in culture customs Kelly’s case presents to us a number of clashes between the American culture and the Japanese culture. This is because; the Japanese culture is very different from the American culture and the two are characterized by different ways of handling issues. Kelly has worked in London and Boston as a female and yet, the re was no one who thought it being funny or weird for a woman to be a boss. However, in Japan she has a hard time since; the Japanese employees expected that the boss would be a man as opposed to a woman. Thus, there exists a clash in cultures since, according to the Japanese culture, it is men that should lead the women while, according to the American culture, women can also lead the men. According to the cross-cultural management theory formulated by Fons Trompenaars, cross cultural differences at work between employees can be solved can by communication (Van Mol, 2005, 31). Kelly experiences difficulties at work due to lack of fluent communication between her and the Japanese people. Therefore, she has to seek advice from Peter, her assistant, each time she experiences difficulties. However, had there been fluent and perfect communication between Kelly and the Japanese employees, the former would be aware of what to do each time when working with them. In addition, the Japanese employees are also finding it difficult to adapt to the fact that their new boss is a female. Hence, they end up having trouble in doing their work. According to the cross-cultural management theory, cross-cultural differences can also be eliminated through accepting and respecting them. Kelly’s husband Joe is experiencing a hard time in Japan because he has not yet accepted the fact that Japan is different from America. For instance, he finds it hard to adapt to the Japanese meals and keeps on complaining to her wife. Joe’s expectations were that; they would have a new experience in Japan, full of new experiences. Contrary to his expectations, Japan has turned out to be a very expensive country to live in, with a lot of difficulty in finding a new job. The family also had expectations that the expensive apartment would be big and spacious to fit all their possessions. Contrary to their expectations, the house has turned out to be very small and tiny, with no back yard for the children to play (Sanger, Intercultural Press & Bull Worldwide Information Systems 1990). Kelly’s stage of culture shock The first stage of culture shock is usually Jet-Lag and Wonder (Tabak,  2007, 1). This stage is also referred to as the honeymoon phase, where an individual gets excited by the new experiences about food, culture and language (Munan, 2008, 33). Kelly’s family went through this stage at first when they arrived in Tokyo tired but very excited. At this time, all they could see was the beauty of Japan in spring and were just making plans to spend their weekend sightseeing and travelling around. The second stage of culture shock is frustration (Tabak,  2007, 1). This is a period during which a person gets to experience the hardship of living in a new country (Ellis,  2001, 34). The individual finds it difficult to understand the new language used and gets laughed at when he or she makes mistakes while communicating. The usual response at th is

Gambling on Our Future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gambling on Our Future - Essay Example The increased revenue motivated other states to adopt gambling. The acceptance was possible through implementation of laws that allow gambling. The increased activities are observed in the impoverished areas as people struggle to overcome poverty. Moreover, gambling is shown to have spread to other areas. Such areas include groceries, convenience stores, and gas stations in the form of lotteries. Traditionally, gambling was concentrated in casinos. There has always been the rise of online gambling with the rise of the internet. The effect has been shown to be a change of nations view on gambling. The change has occurred through increased acceptance of state lotteries and internet. Hence, many states have adopted gambling as a way of increasing revenue. Moreover, the percentage of those that participate in gambling is shown to be on the rise. The habit has been shown to have an adverse effect on people. The effect is seen through the rise of habitual gamblers. For example, the habit makes an individual fail to manage time and money. The ultimate effect is shown as being bankrupt, loss of job, alcoholism, drug addiction, and welfare. The effects are shown to be costly to the states and people