Gullivers Travels By Jonathan Swift Essays - Gullivers Travels

Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift Gulliver in Houynhnmland One of the most interesting questions about Gullivers Travels is whether the Houyhnhnms represent an ideal of rationality or whether on the other hand they are the butt of Swift's satire. In other words, in Book IV, is Swift poking fun at the talking horses or does he intend for us to take them seriously as the proper way to act? If we look closely at the way that the Houyhnhnms act, we can see that in fact Swift does not take them seriously: he uses them to show the dangers of pride. First we have to see that Swift does not even take Gullver seriously. For instance, his name sounds much like gullible, which suggests that he will believe anything. Also, when he first sees the Yahoos and they throw excrement on him, he responds by doing the same in return until they run away. He says, "I must needs discover some more rational being," (203) even though as a human he is already the most rational being there is. This is why Swift refers to Erasmus Darwins discovery of the origin of the species and the voyage of the Beagle--to show how Gulliver knows that people are at the top of the food chain. But if Lemule Gulliver is satirized, so are the Houyhnhnms, whose voices sound like the call of castrati. They walk on two legs instead of four, and seem to be much like people. As Gulliver says, "It was with the utmost astonishment that I witnessed these creatures playing the flute and dancing a Vienese waltz. To my mind, they seemed like the greatest humans ever seen in court, even more dextrous than the Lord Edmund Burke" (162). As this quote demonstrates, Gulliver is terribly impressed, but his admiration for the Houyhnhnms is short-lived because they are so prideful. For instance, the leader of the Houyhnhnms claims that he has read all the works of Charles Dickens, and that he can singlehandedly recite the names of all the Kings and Queens of England up to George II. Swift subtly shows that this Houyhnhnms pride is misplaced when, in the middle of the intellectual competition, he forgets the name of Queen Elizabeths husband. Swifts satire of the Houyhnhnms comes out in other ways as well. One of the most memorable scenes is when the dapple grey mare attempts to woo the horse that Guenivre has brought with him to the island. First she acts flirtatiously, parading around the bewildered horse. But when this does not have the desired effect, she gets another idea: "As I watched in amazement from my perch in the top of a tree, the sorrel nag dashed off and returned with a yahoo on her back who was yet more monstrous than Mr. Pope being fitted by a clothier. She dropped this creature before my nag as if offering up a sacrifice. My horse sniffed the creature and turned away." (145) It might seem that we should take this scene seriously as a failed attempt at courtship, and that consequently we should see the grey mare as an unrequited lover. But it makes more sense if we see that Swift is being satiric here: it is the female Houyhnhnm who makes the move, which would not have happened in eighteenth-century Engla nd. The Houyhnhm is being prideful, and it is that pride that makes him unable to impress Gullivers horse. Gulliver imagines the horse saying, Sblood, the notion of creating the bare backed beast with an animal who had held Mr. Pope on her back makes me queezy (198). A final indication that the Houyhnmns are not meant to be taken seriously occurs when the leader of the Houynhms visits Lilliput, where he visits the French Royal Society. He goes into a room in which a scientist is trying to turn wine into water (itself a prideful act that refers to the marriage at Gallilee). The scientist has been working hard at the experiment for many years without success, when the Houyhnmn arrives and immediately knows that to do: "The creature no sooner stepped through the doorway than he struck upon a plan. Slurping up all the wine in sight, he quickly

Using the Definite Article in Spanish When English Doesnt

Using the Definite Article in Spanish When English Doesn't English has one definite article - the - but Spanish isnt so simple. Spanish has five definite articles, varying with number and gender: Singular masculine: elSingular feminine: laSingular neuter: loPlural  neuter or masculine: losPlural feminine: las A definite article is a function word that comes before a noun to indicate that a particular being or thing is being referred to. Although there are a few exceptions, as a general rule a definite article is used in Spanish whenever the is used in English. But Spanish also uses a definite article in many situations where English does not. Although the following list isnt exhaustive, and there are exceptions to some of these rules, here are the major instances where Spanish includes a definite article absent in English. Using Definite Articles to Refer to All Members of a Group When referring to objects or persons of a class in general, the definite article is needed. Los leones son felinos. (Lions are felines.)Los americanos quieren hacer dinero. (Americans want to make money.)Las madres son como rayos de sol. (Mothers are like sun rays.) Note that this use of the definite article can create ambiguity that isnt present in English. For example, depending on the context, Las fresas son rojas can mean either that strawberries in general are red or that some particular strawberries are red. Using Definite Articles With Nouns Representing Concepts In English, the article is often omitted with abstract nouns and nouns used in a general sense, ones that refer more to a concept than a tangible item. But it still is needed in Spanish. La ciencia es importante. (Science is important.)Creo en la justicia. (I believe in justice.)Estudio la literatura. (I study literature.)La primavera es bella. (Spring is beautiful.) Using Definite Articles With Personal Titles The definite article is used before most titles of a person being talked about. El presidente Trump vive en la Casa Blanca. (President Trump lives in the White House.)Voy a la oficina de la doctora Gonzlez. (Im going to the office of Dr. Gonzalez.)Mi vecina es la seà ±ora Jones. (My neighbor is Mrs. Jones.) The article is omitted, however, when directly addressing the person. Profesora Barrera,  ¿cà ³mo est usted? (Professor Barrera, how are you?) Using Definite Articles With Days of the Week Days of the week are always masculine. Except in constructions where the day of the week follows a form of ser (a verb for to be), as in Hoy es martes (Today is Tuesday), the article is needed. Vamos a la escuela los lunes. (We go to school on Mondays.)El tren sale el mià ©rcoles. (The train leaves on Wednesday.) Using Infinitives With Names of Languages The article generally is used before names of languages. But it can be omitted immediately following a verb that is used often with languages, such as hablar (to speak), or after the preposition en. El inglà ©s es la lengua de Belice. (English is the language of Belize.)El alemn es difà ­cil. (German is difficult.)Hablo bien el espaà ±ol. (I speak Spanish well. But: Hablo espaà ±ol for I speak Spanish.) Using Definite Articles With Some Place Names Although the definite article is seldom mandatory with place names, it is used with many of them. As can be seen in this list of country names, the use of the definite article can seem arbitrary. La Habana es bonita. (Havana is pretty.)La India tiene muchas lenguas. (India has many languages.)El Cairo es la capital de Egipto, conocida oficialmente como Al-Qhirah. (Cairo is the capital of Egypst, known officially as Al-Qhirah.) The definite article los is optional when referring to Estados Unidos (the United States). Using Definite Articles With Nouns Joined by Y In English, it usually isnt necessary to include the before each noun in a series. But Spanish often requires the definite article in a way that would seem repetitious in English. La madre y el padre estn felices. (The mother and father are happy.)Comprà © la silla y la mesa. (I bought the chair and table.) Key Takeaways English has single definite article, the. Spanish has five: el, la, lo, los, and las.Spanish requires the definite article in various situations where it isnt used in English.Masculine articles are used with days of the week, infinitives, and names of languages.

What is the Quran about according to Fazlur Rahmans Major Themes of Essay

What is the Quran about according to Fazlur Rahmans Major Themes of the Quran - Essay Example The book Major Themes of the Quran by Fazlur Rahman attempts to unravel the intricacies of the Quran with special focus on themes such as God, prophecy, modern society, and disclosure as concerns a stout Muslim and a western scholar (Rahman 19). The Quran is a document aimed at man, with an indication as the guidance for humankind. It has a reference of God’s proper name as Allah, with the name appearing over 2500times in the Quran. His existence as per the Quran is functional as the creator and sustainer of the universe and man. In addition, He is the giver of guidance for man, judges out man individually and collectively as well metes out to him merciful justice. God is the dimension that makes other dimensions possible, giving meaning and life to everything else. He is the all-enveloping, infinite, and the only infinite being. Without God’s activity, the activity of nature and man are wrong, purposeless, and wasteful. The Quran, therefore, emphasizes and re-emphasizes the power and majesty of God (Rahman 23). Concerning the purpose of man, the Quran emphasizes that a man was created specifically to serve God in accordance with his command and through choice. God, therefore, in his outgoing mercy provides man with the necessary knowledge to realize just and fair ends. The choice of whether to use the knowledge and power for good or evil is, therefore, the crucial test for man. The Quran does not prove God but points to him from the existing universe. God is the only one who has created the laws by which nature works. The Quran invites man to make discoveries on the laws of nature and to use it for human good. The Quran proposes that man is God’s creature just like any other created being. However, he is distinguished from the rest of natural creation in that after fashioning him, he breathed his own spirit into him. Man is given free choice in order to fulfill his

Full Quantitative Critique (Sucrose Decreases Infant Biohavioral Pain Essay

Full Quantitative Critique (Sucrose Decreases Infant Biohavioral Pain Response to Immunizations) - Essay Example Some of the research studies used in the literature review is not current; some are over 5 years old. They are appropriate researches which are very much related to the effect of sucrose on pain responses of infants. They are logically organized from studies on pain response in infants, immunizations, sucrose and then other relevant researches vital to the topic. They are also primary sources. The research design is randomized, prospective, and is a clinical trial. This method studied the research subjects in a much more specific and controlled set-up, and helped answer the research question accurately. Threats to validity are addressed through the randomized process of choosing subjects for the paper. There is enough data given in order to replicate this research. The gate-control theory of pain was used for this research. It fits this research because it helps explain the perception of pain in infants, the pain response, and the body’s reaction to pain. The subject selection for this research is random sampling, which is appropriate because it gives every member of the population a chance to be part of the research. The study also explains how subjects and the sample population were chosen for this research. The data gathering methods were well-explained in the research. The author described how each sample would be chosen. The process of data collection from each research subject was also described specifically in the research. Pain scales were used to measure the results. Measures of variance were repeated in order to verify results. The methods used are very much appropriate for this research because they produced measurable results. This research made use of the Statistical Analysis Systems in order to analyze behavioral response to pain. Descriptive analysis through measures of variance was used in order to compare the control and treatment groups. The methods chosen were able to answer the research question in

Health promotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health promotion - Essay Example As a nurse, I can help in implementing this change for life campaign to help individuals from my branch client group to positively influence their holistic life as follows: First, I will help in educating these individuals on the importance of changing their life so that they can live a holistic healthy life. Many individuals do not observe health measures simply because they are ignorant on the importance living a healthy life. Creation of awareness by shading light on the health related effects and benefits if living health will act as a motivation factor for these individuals to accept this campaign of change for life (Pender 2008). Considering the stages of change model, the readiness of individuals to change or accept to change their living habits towards health promoting behaviors is the first step that will help implement this initiative of change for life. As a nurse, I will engage in public education and promotional strategies to influence these individuals to make the decis ion to adopt health promoting living standards. I will also ensure that the motivation strategies are maintained constant so that these individuals can also maintain the changes geared towards promoting their health (Scriven 2005). I will also apply the health belief model of promoting health in order implement the initiative through encouraging the individuals to believe and focus on the recommended health promoting behaviors in order to curd health related risks and help in prevention or management of susceptible health problems. The key concept of this strategy is to enhance self efficacy among these individuals and encourage them to make efforts towards adhering to the requirements of this campaign. On interpersonal level, I will apply the social learning theory to help in implementation of the change for life campaign to promote health among these individuals. In this aspect, I will encourage the individuals to teach their fellow friends and family members on the importance of the program so that they can also participate and enjoy the benefits. Encouraging interaction between these individuals will help them to share ideas and learn the prospects of the change for life campaign. I will also involve in implementing this initiate from a community level by applying community organization health promotion theory. This theory is geared towards ensuring the whole community is actively participating in the change for life campaign. I will empower the community in which these individuals live to emphasize active participation of its members for the general promotion of health in the community and as a strategy to help solve health and social problems under consideration (Scriven 2005). I will formulate and impose processes and strategies that will enhance the adoption of policies and programs of the campaign. Through problem definition, action initiation and change implementation, I will be able to enhance adoption of these policies and programs for the success of the whole change for life initiative. Through the concepts of relative advantage, complexity and compatibility of the initiative, I will shade light on how various ideas, social practices and products of the initiative can be speared within these individuals so that each and every member has access to the provisions of the initiative (Taylor 2004). Since each and every individual would like to feel health and strong after the above initial introduction stages, the real challenge comes imposing the living habits and changes

Risk Assessment Research Health And Social Care Essay

Risk Assessment Research Health And Social Care Essay Risk assessment of the potential of violence to self or others has been accepted as a core element of clinical practice in psychiatric forensic community and private clinical environmental settings (Stedman et al., (2000). Risk assessment increases the ability to understand an individuals potential for violent behaviour, assists the individual to change and for organisations to better allocate limited resources to more effective treatment programs (Snowden et al., 2009). There is a significant correlation between substance abuse, psychiatric disorders, non-compliance with medication and the likelihood of aggressive behaviour amongst those with significant mental illness (Daffern et al., 2002). The link between medication noncompliance, violence and the effect medication noncompliance has on the over use of alcohol and other substances needs to be taken into account in conducting a risk assessment (Swartz et al., 1998). Daffern (2002), highlights the need for clinicians to be aware of the link between aggressive behaviours, the influence other environments and personal interactions outside of the hospital situation have on the patient and the need to take this into account when developing any risk assessment plan. There needs to be considerable care taken in developing a risk management plan to ensure that the plan does not focus on control and moves away from the primary goal of management (Heilbrun, 1997). Case Study Risk Assessment Plan James presents with three main issues that need to be focused on in the risk assessment plan. James has ongoing symptoms that would appear to indicate schizophrenia, but a more detailed assessment will need to be conducted. James has issues related to his aggressive behaviour towards others when he feels overwhelmed by his delusion schizophrenia symptoms. The first indicator of these symptoms was when he was 21 and believed he was being watched by cameras at his place of work. James reports that this delusional belief resulted in James assaulting a co worker and that police were involved and he was subsequent hospitalised. James reports twice assaulting his father when he believed his father was in his head. The James also reports a history of using illicit drugs since his early teens at high school. James reports that his marijuana use has been regular since early teens and he has on occasions misused prescription drug Valium. In adulthood, James reports use of beer and vodka has go ne from weekend binge drinking to regular four to five days a week of heavy use of beer and spirits. James also reports his tobacco use has been regular since early teens and has increased to heavy use of 30 cigarettes a day over the last 12 months. This last 12-month period also is reported by James as a period where he has increased significantly his abuse of alcohol and marijuana. From James presentation during the interview, it would be reasonable to assume that he is minimising he level of substance use. Another issue that influences James symptoms and behaviours is the noncompliance with prescribed medication, which needs to be addressed in the overall risk assessment plan (Swartz et al., 1998). Aggression Antonius et al. (2010), highlights the value of risk assessment as a valuable tool to assist the clinician to predict and prevent future violence and to improve current treatment and management protocols. Howells (1996), postulates that it is not possible to eliminate all risks of violence by forensic mental health patients, but therapeutic programs can be effective in changing violent behaviours. Although James level of violence would appear, from his self-report, to be on the lower level of violence, there appears to be in recent time a sense within James that he is becoming overwhelmed in the last 12months. This is indicated by not only what he says but also his use of substances, alcohol and tobacco usage has increased significantly in the last 12 months.. The potential for committing acts that are more violent can also be assumed to be increasing. Snowden et al. (2009), found that the testing with the Classification of Violence Risk (COVR) showed good validity when attempting to assess the risk of violence amongst patients with a history of violence and mental health issues. However, Snowden (2009), also warns that the COVR test requires information from patient files as well as patient self-report, and test results may be affected by the patient who minimises their history or violence, and the lack of access to the patients file. In this case, James presents as guarded in his answers to many questions and clearly only wanted to be out of the hospital, hence there would be a high probability of James minimising his level of violent behaviour. The mention that the police were still outside would give an indicator that they may have more knowledge of James past level of violence. Doing a clinical interview to assess the level of risk without the patients file, as was occurring in this instance, would appear unwise and places the interview into a clinical interview format with low predictor validity (Steadman et al., 2000). The quality of the information that the person conducting the risk assessment has access to, will determine the effectiveness of the risk assessment process (Heilbrun, 1997). Actuarial risk assessments have been found to be significantly more valid in predicting violence than unstructured clinical interviews (Steadman et al.,2000). Hilton et al., (2001), argues that risk assessment of disordered offenders with a history of violence requires the use of actuarial assessment tools to enable a valid indicator in relation to danger to self or others. Howells (1996), argues the benefits of ensure risk management plans requires the individual to attend some form of anger management program, to assist the individual to learn more functional strategies for dealing with their current frustrations. Buchanan (2008), highlights the need for those conducting a risk assessment to be aware of the casual connection between mental disorder and violence. There needs to be more information obtained other than the basic demographic information of age, race, gender and relationship status, which should include family environment, history of victimisation of client, how a client spends their day all of which have been found to correlate with mental illness and violence (Buchanan, 2008). Substance Abuse and Non-compliance with Medication Swartz et al., (1998), found in their study that a combination of substance abuse history and a history of non-compliance with medication, either recent or long term, was found to have a significant association with violent behaviour. Swartz et al. (1998), also made the observation of a correlation between an individual with limited personal insight combined with poor understanding of their illness and role of medication. This non-compliance with medication may not be deliberate behaviour by the individual as non-compliance and substance abuse may be mutually reinforcing which results in self-medicating with alcohol and substances. James would appear to have been self-medicating for many years with a self-reported significant increase in approximately the last 12 months. James reports the misuse of prescription medication Valium at various times. James would appear to view medication as only effective if it gives an immediate reaction and would need to have medication education as pa rt of formulating an effective risk assessment/risk management plan. Any risk management plan for James would also need to incorporate a community based specialised out patient program focused on treating dually diagnosed mental illness clients (Swartz et al., 1988). Research shows a high level of co morbidity between those suffering from a mental illness such as schizophrenia and substance abuse and violent behaviour (Daffern et al., 2002). Mental Illness Although James has admitted to no serious violent acts, his history of symptoms of schizophrenia with delusions elements would have to taken as a warning of potential risk to self or others. James reports that, in the last 12 months he has been finding it increasing difficult to cope. James presents as not having insight into his mental illness, and not wanting to be compliant in any medical treatment. Taylor (1998), found in her research that of the 309 people with psychosis who had killed, the large majority (75%) were deluded at the time of their offence (p49). Patient presentation must be observed carefully when assessing risk of violence apart from the obvivious features of psychosis that may be present, but also delusions may produce symptoms of anxiety or depression and delusions can indicate the patients inability to make or maintain relationships and history of violence (Taylor, 1998). James states during his interview that his illness had caused a break up of a past relatio nship and as a result had not been in a relationship for 3 years when he had to move back to live with his parents. Rogers (2000), makes mention of the need to take into account when conducting a risk assessment not only the risk factors but the protective factors, which are factors that may reduce maladaptive behaviours on the individual. In the case of James, he appears to have a closer connection to his mother than he does with his father. However, his mother would seem to be very passive and his fathers more dominate. James mother may well have a significant impact on James being more complaint with medication, if her assistance was incorporated into a risk management plan. Her participation in the management plan may well assist James to remain compliant with medication and assist in harm minimisation strategies in relation to alcohol and tobacco use by James. Swartz et al., (1988), also advised to be aware when doing a risk assessment on a patient exhibiting non compliance with medication and substance abuse that the patient may have some underlying personality traits that may need testing f or. James does not present as a threat to himself and reports no past history of self-harming behaviours and denies any current thought of self-harming ideation. However, James current file is not available to the interviewer and it would be unwise to accept James own statement as to his current mental state. James presents as depressed, agitated, reactive and extremely frustrated which would require the potential of self-harm to be incorporated for monitoring in any risk assessment, especially if he is kept in hospital for further psychiatric assessment. Douglas et al., (2009), reports that suicide/self-harm is a risk factor when the patient has a history of schizophrenia, violence and substance abuse. Close observation of James during the interview shows that he would go into a rocking motion on numerous occasions, did not maintain good eye contact with the interviewer and indicated a number of times his level of frustration about the time he had waited and not liking hospitals. The pr obability would be that James would be kept in the psychiatric ward of the hospital for 72 hours to allow for a complete psychiatric assessment to ascertain his level of threat to himself or his father. Often people with the current presentation, clinical history and violence of James have a higher potential to assault others especially family members, which further tends to alienate them from their remaining family support (Douglas et al., 2009). Conclusion Rogers (2000) warns that risk only evaluations are inherently inaccurate (p598), which may have consequences on the client by labelling the client as violent. We must also work towards a standardised definition of risk assessment. The New Zealand Mental Health Commission (1998) defines risk assessment as a risk to the progression of symptoms of the illness, risk of the individual intentionally self-harming, the risk of self-harm that was not done intentionally and the risk of causing harm to others either by intent or as a result of risk taking behaviours. Crowe (2003), raises the issue of the need for a more specific defining of risk in the context of risk assessment and risk management. The debate in between health professionals as to whether clinical or actuarial assessment provides a higher level or risk assessment and hence reduces the risk of harm to others as well as the patient continues to be debated. Doyle et al., (2002), reports that although actuarial assessments is shown as statistically superior to unstructured risk assessment techniques, actuarial assessment focuses on static factors and misses dynamic factors such as treatment non-compliance, family dynamics, poor impulse control and substance abuse. Rogers (2000), reports that parents who are more accepting and hence understanding of the patients mental illness has been found to be a strong protective factor to assist the patient. There appears to be a need for further research to develop a more integrated approach to risk assessment to ensure a more standardised process is implemented. The risk management of violent behaviours is a complex process and requires a multidisciplinary approach that needs to focus on social, psychological and medical aspects of the individual (Howells, 1996). In the case of James, any risk management program must be approached from the broader perspective to achieve beneficial for James in the long term. Hilton et al., (2001), suggests that as demand for more valid risk assessment outcomes increase in relation to forensic mental health patients that actuarial assessment will be incorporated as an important part of the risk assessment process.

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When one looks at their life, at any stage in which they live, it is pivotal to see clearly how they are finding meaning, purpose and direction within their daily decisions. As I’ve learned to value the role of community and covenant relationships in my life, it has been a challenge to continually commit myself to overcoming my flesh and correctly align myself with God’s intentions for my life. As part of this transformative process in centering my worldview on Christ’s love, I’ve concluded that all of life’s ultimate questions are found to have been correctly answered in the Bible; repeatedly in Scripture, and specifically in one verse, I have found that it sources everything in life to the glory of God. Romans 11:36 centers our attention on Christ, from whom we derive all answers to origins, meaning, morality, destiny and identity for our lives: â€Å"For from him and through him and to him are all things. To him be glory forever. Amen. (ESV).à ¢â‚¬  Not only does the most credible book ever written support this thesis, but in â€Å"Making Sense of your World,† it is strongly communicated that â€Å"God alone is the ultimate reality and everything else is derived from him (Phillips, Brown, Stonestreet, 2008, p. 44).† Every living creature on this earth exists becuase of God’s will. Regardless if an individual refuses to accept the truth that our entire world was created by a creator or not, it is obviously proven that all creatures on this earth have a beautiful design that did not originate from ourselves. We exist because of â€Å"God’s free decision to create† as it is argued by Phillips et al. (2008), and furthermore is reiterated that â€Å"my existence is not by chance, but the result of a purposeful choice.† In response to this proven fact, as po... ... inner being, so that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith—that you, being rooted and grounded in love, may have strength to comprehend with all the saints what is the breadth and length and height and depth, and to know the love of Christ that surpasses knowledge, that you may be filled with all the fullness of God. Now to him who is able to do far more abundantly than all that we ask or think, according to the power at work within us, to him be glory in the church and in Christ Jesus throughout all generations, forever and ever. Amen.† References W. Gary Phillips, William E. Brown, John Stonestreet. (2008). Making Sense of Your World: A Biblical Worldview, 2nd ed. Salem, WI: Sheffield Publishing Company. ESV Text Edition: 2011. The Holy Bible, English Standard Version (ESV). Wheaton, IL: Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers.